Турция
Шрифт:
Relations between Turkic republics were further hindered by the tensions between Turkey and Azerbaijan ensuing from Turkish involvement in the attempted coup d'etat in Azerbaijan against President Heydar Aliyev. Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan also had a point of dispute: the ownership of several oil fields in the Caspian Sea.
Though a secular state, Turkey was heavily involved in the diplomatic activities among Islamic states, and particularly in meetings of the Organization of Islamic Conference (01C). Trying to add more Muslim countries to the ranks of the anti-Armenian coalition, Turkey was actively involved in the drafting of OIC statements that condemned Armenia. Another setup for lobbying in favor of Azerbaijan in an Islamic context was the Organization for Economic Cooperation of which Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Central Asian Republics were members.
Azerbaijan and Turkey had directly or indirectly contributed to the spread and launching of the activities of international terrorist network. As thousands of Islamic militant groups, such as Chechen combatants and Afghani Mujahideens, were invited to join the warfare in Nagorno[стр. 228] Summary
Karabakh, a new escalation began that all but caused the conflict to take on an international dimension.
Turkey's and Azerbaijan's recruitment of Islamic radical militant groups from Chechnya, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to help them implement their foreign and domestic policies created the dangerous precedent of initiating terrorist activities at home. Many mercenaries joined the terrorist groups, and eventually the governments that started as recruiters ended up as the targets of terror. Moreover, the international terrorist network, and particularly Osama ben Laden's al-Qaeda, used both countries as bridgeheads to regulate and launch terrorist operations targeting US and its institutions abroad.
The 'Azerbaijani connection' came to light the bombings of US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Azerbaijan was shown to host terrorist organizations and persons that had been involved in preparing September 11 attacks.
The echo and lessons of the Karabakh war highlight the ambitious policy of Turkey with regard to the self-determination move of the Armenian minority. Moreover, in its policy in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Turkey had on a number of occasions violated its international commitments as it sided with Azerbaijan, supplied it with arms, helped it with logistics and gave it strong diplomatic support. The joint Turkish-Azerbaijani blockade of Armenia is a continuation of this policy.
ИСТОЧНИКИ
Архивные материалы
Open Society Archives (OSA), Будапешт, Венгрия
1. Afghan Mujahid Ready to Fight for Nagorno-Karabakh, RFE/RL Records, May 4, 1994, Slavic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive, Azerbaijan, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/2.
2. Afghan Mujahideen Said to Be Involved in Karabakh Fighting, RFE/RL Records, December 23, 1993, Azerbaijan, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/2.
3. Armenians in Turkey Receive Threatening letters, «Reuter», 28.10.1994, Slavic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive, HU-OSA, 300/80/3 box II.
4. Azerbaijan and Turkey to Cooperate in Military Training, Krasniy Arkhiv, RFE/RL Records, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/13.
5. Azerbaijan Asks Turkey for More Military Training, RFE/RL Records, December 30, 1993, HU-OSA 300/80/6/3.
6. Azerbaijan Enlists Afghan Mercenaries, RFE/RL Records, November 8, 1993, SB amp;Eurasian Archive, Azerbaijan, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/3.
7. Fuller Elizabeth. Azerbaijan After the Presidental Elections, RFE/RL Research Report, vol. 1, No. 26, 26 lune, 1992, Slavonic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive, Azerbaidjan, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/13.
8. Fuller Elizabeth. Nagorno-Karabakh: Can Turkey Remain Neutral?, RFE/RL Research Report, April 3, 1992, Nagorni Karabakh, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/15.
9. Fuller Elizabeth. Nagorno-Karabakh: Internal Conflict Becomes International, RFE/RL Research Report, 13 March 1992,
10. Fuller Elizabeth. The Thorny Path to an Armenian-Turkish Rapprochement, RFE/RL, Research Report, vol. 2, no. 12, 19 March 1993, Slavic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive, Нагорный Карабах, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/15.
11. Fuller Liz. Russia, Turkey, Iran and Karabakh Mediation Process RFE/RL Research Institute, February 16, 1994, HU-OSA 300/80/6/2.
12. Kazakhstan Muslims to Fight in Karabakh?, RFE/RL Records, Нагорный Карабах, HU-OSA 300/80/1/15.
13. Reese William. Turkish Claims to Say in the Status of Nakhichevan, RFE/RL Research Institute, RL 136/88, March 28, 1988, KRANYI ARKHIV, Armenia, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/49.
[стр. 230] ИСТОЧНИКИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА
14. Stepanakert Claims Azeris Increasingly Use Turkish Weapons in Karabakh, INTERFAX, RFE/RL Records, April 4, 1994, SLAVONIC, BALTIC amp; EURASIAN ARCHIVE, Azerbaijan, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/2.
15. Turkey has Nothing to do with Azerbaijan, Munich, December 21, 1988, (RLIMU/Erkin Alptekin), F575, Radio Liberty Research Red Archive, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/944.
16. Turkey Providing Weapons to Nakhichevan? RFE/RL Reports, September 10, 1992, HU-OSA, 300/80/1/1054.
17. Turkish Troops put on Alert on Armenian Border, RFE/RL Records, September 3, 1993, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/2.
18. Turkey Rejected EU Request to Open Border With Armenia, November 11, 1994, Slavic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive, HU-OSA, 300/80/3 box II.
19. Turkey Seeks Debate on Peacekeepers for Caucasia (Reuter) June 27, 1994 Slavic, Baltic amp;Eurasian Archive HU-OSA, 300/80/3 box II.
20. Up to 2500 Afghan May Be Fighting in Azeri Army, RFE/RL Records, April 27, 1994, Azerbaijan, HU-OSA, 300/80/6/2.
21. RFE/RL Reports on the USSR January 19, 1990, HU-OSA 300/8/38/box 1.
Национальный архив Армении
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